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回頭想想一年所學,所謂的“行銷”真的是能在競爭激烈的市場端得出手的一盤好菜嗎?
現實總是如此殘酷,在國外研究所光環的加持下,研究所的知識竟然與實務差距如此之大
行銷研究所說好聽是專業,實際上學習的資訊還是過於碎片化,很難有邏輯構思出一套說法
沒有一個結構化的整合,我甚至達不出行銷面試最基本的一題
面試官:你試著用你學校所學,幫我們公司XXX產品簡單做一個行銷計畫
對面試官來說也知道剛畢業的研究生是缺乏即戰力的
除非你是面 Digital Marketing 的職位,相對有系統化的證照、工具、分析能力可以學習
舉凡其他行銷職位 Channel/ Trade Marketing, Product Marketing, Insights Specialist
面試官更注重的是你有沒有 Business Sense,能不能有結構有邏輯的解決問題
這種情況要面試者構思出一個行銷計畫,就能很清楚的區分出高低優劣
總結了一年所學,我把行銷策略用比較結構化的方式呈現,用問題來組織成一個行銷計畫
至少在面試上這是一個結構完整的回答,在這個資訊碎片化的時代
給雇主眼神一亮的大好機會 ![]()

簡單來說要製作一個完整的 Marketing Plan 僅僅包含了三個步驟
Situation Analysis, Marketing Plan, Execution
每個步驟能延伸出對應的問題和指標來衡量,只要完成這些問題就是個能執行的行銷計畫
首先第一步 Situation Analysis 顧名思義就是做市場調查,競爭者分析
舉凡行銷人熟悉的 SWOT分析、STP市場區隔、Marketing Mix (4P) 都是在這一步執行
第一步往往也是最難踏出去,Situation Analysis 是最耗時最花心力的一部分 ![]()
Marketing Assessment 市場評估
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How is the total market defined?
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整個市場如何定義?
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Which categories offer the most growth opportunities?
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什麼品項有最大的成長機會?
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What trends are driving or inhibiting market growth?
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什麼趨勢主導或抑制了市場成長?
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How has XXX performed in this market over the last five years?
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XXX公司過去五年是如何應對這個這個趨勢?
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Who are the primary competitors?
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誰是公司主要的競爭者?
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How have XXX competitors performed over the last five years?
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XXX的競爭者在過去五年的表現如何?
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Defining Your Customer 定義你的客戶
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What key vertical markets are you targeting?
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什麼樣的市場是你目前鎖定的?
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Who are the key influences within the value chain of your priority vertical market?
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誰在你優先的市場價值鏈中扮演主要的影響者?
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Who is the target audience for your marketing and sales activities?
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誰是你行銷和業務活動的目標對象?
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Who is the target audience for the brand?
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誰是對於品牌來說的目標對像?
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What is your customer journey map?
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消費者的購買路徑是什麼?
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Brand 品牌
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What is your brand architecture?
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你的品牌架構是什麼?
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What are your expertise categories and sub-categories?
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你的專業品項和次要品項分別是什麼?
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Value Proposition 價值主張
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How does XXX perform relative to the competition?
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XXX公司的相對競爭力為何?
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What is the value proposition that will enable you to win in this market?
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什麼樣的價值主張能讓你在市場中勝出?
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How distinctive is the intended value proposition from the competition?
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你的價值主張在競爭市場中有多獨特?
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What is required to deliver this value proposition?
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需要什麼來傳遞這個價值主張?
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Marketing Mix - Product 產品
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What drives revenue, profit and growth within your portfolio and are you Marketing effort aligned for profitable growth?
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是什麼推動你的投資組合的收入、利潤和增長,您的行銷工作是否與盈利增長保持一致?
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What is the lifecycle of your core products within the portfolio?
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你的核心產品在產品群組中的生命週期是什麼?
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How have your recent new product launches performed compared with those of competitors?
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與競爭對手相比,你最近的新產品發佈表現如何?
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How does your product pipeline address identify portfolio gaps?
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你的產品線如何解決已識別的產品群組差距?
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Marketing Mix - Price 價格
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How are XXX products currently priced relative to the market and competitors?
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XXX 產品目前相對於市場和競爭對手的價格如何?
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How well is XXX's price aligned to the perceived benefits of your various products?
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XXX 的價格與你各種產品利益的一致性如何?
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Marketing Mix - Place 通路
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Who are your top key accounts? How are you performing within these key accounts?
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誰是你的主要客戶? 在這些關鍵客戶中,您的表現如何?
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How are you performing within key channels and geographic regions within the market?
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你在市場上的主要管道和地理區域的表現如何?
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Who are your distributors? How are they performing? What is their potential?
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誰是你的分銷商?他們的表現如何?他們的潛力是什麼?
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Marketing Mix - Promotion 促銷
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What were your key marketing programs from last year v.s competitors?
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與競爭對手相比,你去年的主要行銷計劃是什麼?
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What digital marketing tactics are you currently using? What opportunities do you see for expanding digital?
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你目前使用什麼數位行銷策略? 你看到了擴展數位化的哪些機會?
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What digital marketing tactics are your competitors currently using? Where there is an opportunity for XXX?
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你的競爭對手目前使用什麼數位行銷策略? XXX 在哪裡有機會?
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Synthesis key business challenge 綜合業務挑戰
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Based on your situation analysis, what are the top opportunities for driving accelerated growth within your business?
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根據你的情況分析,推動企業加速增長的對大機會是什麼?
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Based on your situation analysis, what is your key business challenge?
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根據你的情況分析,你的主要業務挑戰是什麼?
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Do you have foundational customer insights needs that have been identified?
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你是否有已確定的客戶的基礎需求?
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Marketing Plan
Objective & Tactics 目標和策略
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What are your objectives against each of the prioritised issues/opportunities?
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針對每個優先問題/機會,您的目標是什麼?
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What marketing activities and budget will you recommend delivering these objectives?
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你會建議哪些行銷活動和預算來實現這些目標?
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How are your tactics and activities aligned to the customer journey?
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你的策略和活動如何與客戶銷售旅程保持一致?
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What are your content needs by the customer journey stage?
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客戶旅程階段的內容需求是什麼?
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Plan Details 計畫細節
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What is the customer insights learning plan?
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客戶見解的學習計劃是什麼?
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What are your calls to action and key performance indicators (KPIs) for customer journey map stages?
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對於客戶銷售旅程的階段,你的具體行動和關鍵績效起訴者 (KPI) 是什麼?
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What is the expected marketing calendar of activities for next year?
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明年活動預期的行銷日曆是什麼?
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What is the estimated financial impact from each of your key initiatives?
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你的每項關鍵行動估計的財務影響是什麼?
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What is the total marketing budget for the year?
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該年度的總營銷預算是多少?
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What are your investment opportunities should the additional budget be granted?
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對於額外的預算,你的投資機會是什麼?
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Execution
Measurement
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How will you assess and track progress during the year? (Dashboard)
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你將如何評估和跟蹤這一年的進展? (儀表板)
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How will you assess and track progress during the year? (A3)
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你將如何評估和跟蹤這一年的進展? (A3)
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結語
行銷最難的就是資訊百百種,化繁為簡是其中最大的一門學問
有時候理科很爛的我,也不自覺羨慕工科有條有理,說一是一的工作性質
但想想高等微積分,腦子馬上幫我打斷短暫的癡心妄想
這表格專門把行銷計畫拆解成問題,只要掌握好結構就能輕鬆應對面試問題
面試官畢竟也不是要你真的把計畫做出來,而是要考驗面試者短時間有結構的思考能力
一整個“面”的回答會遠比一個“點”的回答要有說服力多了
可以試著把面試公司的產品套入結構做一次!或是把整個結構熟記起來!
以後面試官隨口一問 Situation Analysis 包含什麼,你可以自信的回答出來
有結構:包含市場分析、定義客戶、品牌計畫、價值主張和 Marketing Mix 4P 這五大塊
沒結構:呃好象是先分析市場... 還是先SWOT... 我當初是負責弄競爭者分析的..那也很重要

一些心得 一些心情
2020/07/09
咻咻咻,一年的英國留學生涯即將走向尾聲
可能是因為疫情的影響,總覺得時間像上緊了發條加速了好幾倍
就業和畢業論文的雙重壓力,最近的心情可能只剩下焦慮和徬徨
在這人生中的相對低點,留學時期交往的女友也選擇離開
調適心情之餘,想想也不灰心這也許就是所謂的炒底吧
人生準備大漲前的一波低潮,沒有低點又怎會珍惜以後擁有的幸福呢?
希望這篇文章有幫到你,愈努力愈幸運
陌生人,我也為你祝福
願你有一個燦爛的前程
願你在塵世間獲得幸福
願你的美好,能遇上相稱的溫柔
我只願面朝大海,春暖花開 - 海子
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